Confused by tech jargon? You're not alone. This glossary explains common computer terms in plain English, with real-world analogies to help you understand. No prior knowledge required!
A copy of your files stored somewhere separate from your computer, so you don't lose everything if something goes wrong.
The very first software that runs when you turn on your computer. It checks that all the hardware is working before starting Windows.
A blue error screen that appears when Windows encounters a serious problem and has to stop everything.
The process of turning on your computer and loading the operating system.
The program you use to view websites. Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari are all browsers.
Temporary storage that keeps frequently-used data close at hand for faster access. Your browser caches website images so pages load faster the second time.
Storage or services that exist on the internet rather than on your computer. Google Drive, Dropbox, and iCloud are cloud services.
The "brain" of your computer. It does all the calculations and runs all the programs. Intel Core and AMD Ryzen are CPU brands.
The arrow (or blinking line) on screen that shows where your mouse is pointing or where you're typing.
Two meanings: 1) A non-portable computer that sits on a desk. 2) The main screen you see after Windows loads, with icons and the taskbar.
The internet's phone book. It translates website names (like google.com) into the numeric addresses computers actually use.
Copying a file from the internet to your computer.
Software that tells Windows how to communicate with a specific piece of hardware, like a printer or graphics card.
Scrambling data so only someone with the right key can read it. Used to protect passwords, banking, and sensitive files.
The type of cable used to connect computers to routers for wired internet (as opposed to WiFi).
A portable storage device that connects via USB. Used for backups or extra storage.
Security software that monitors network traffic and blocks suspicious connections. Windows has one built in.
Permanent software built into hardware devices. Your router and printer have firmware.
A specialized processor that handles graphics and video. Important for gaming, video editing, and displaying things on screen.
A unit of digital storage. 1 GB = about 1,000 megabytes. A typical photo is 2-5 MB, so 1 GB holds 200-500 photos.
Storage device with spinning magnetic disks. Slower than SSDs but cheaper for large amounts of storage.
A cable/port that carries video and audio from your computer to a monitor or TV.
A unique number that identifies your device on a network, like a postal address for your computer.
The company that provides your internet connection. In Australia: Telstra, Optus, TPG, etc.
The core of an operating system that manages communication between hardware and software.
Any software designed to harm or exploit your computer. Includes viruses, ransomware, spyware, and trojans.
Device that connects your home network to your ISP. Converts internet signals for your router to use.
The main circuit board inside your computer that connects all other components together.
The main software that runs your computer. Windows, macOS, and Linux are operating systems.
Scam emails or websites that pretend to be legitimate to steal your passwords or personal info.
Two meanings: 1) Physical socket where you plug cables (USB port, HDMI port). 2) Virtual channel for network traffic (port 80 for websites, port 443 for secure sites).
The component that converts power from the wall outlet to the voltages your computer needs.
Your computer's short-term memory. It holds data for programs that are currently running. More RAM = more programs can run smoothly at once.
Malware that encrypts your files and demands payment to unlock them. Very dangerous.
A database where Windows stores settings and configuration. Editing it incorrectly can cause serious problems.
Device that shares your internet connection among multiple devices and creates your WiFi network.
A diagnostic mode where Windows starts with minimal drivers and programs. Used for troubleshooting.
Fast storage with no moving parts. More reliable and much faster than traditional hard drives, but more expensive.
The error code shown on a blue screen that identifies what went wrong.
A Windows feature that can roll back system settings and files to an earlier point in time.
A Windows tool that shows what programs are running and how much CPU/memory they're using. Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc to open it.
A unit of storage. 1 TB = 1,000 gigabytes. Modern hard drives are typically 1-4 TB.
Sending a file from your computer to the internet.
The standard port for connecting devices like keyboards, mice, phones, and external drives.
A type of malware that spreads by attaching itself to other files or programs.
Creates an encrypted tunnel for your internet traffic. Used for privacy and accessing geo-restricted content.
Wireless networking that lets devices connect to the internet without cables.
The built-in antivirus program in Windows 10 and 11. Provides solid protection for most users.
Microsoft's system for delivering security patches, bug fixes, and new features to Windows.
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